Biliary surgery in the dog and cat*

Biliary surgery in the dog and cat

Surgery of the biliary system is uncommonly performed in the dog and cat, but the commonly indicated techniques should be familiar to the small animal practitioner. The most important are cholecystectomy and cholecystoduodenostomy and this article focuses on the indications for these, together with their application. Although minimally invasive and interventional radiological techniques are becoming established as alternatives to open surgery for some of these patients, they will not be discussed here as they are currently rarely used.