*Diagnosis and management of canine anal sac adenocarcinoma*

Diagnosis and management of canine anal sac adenocarcinoma

Canine anal sac adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumour that arises from the apocrine glands of the anal sac. Metastases are often present at diagnosis with sublumbar lymph nodes most commonly affected. Distant metastasis to the liver, spleen, lungs and other organs can also occur later in the course of disease. Surgery clearly improves outcome in patients with anal sac adenocarcinoma and the longest survival times are reported with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.