Canine Hypoadrenocorticism

Hypoadrenocorticism can be defined as a lack of adrenocortical steroid production and this typically includes both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Hypoadrenocorticism can be classified as primary or rarely secondary; it can be typical or atypical (isolated hypocortisolaemia).

The physiological roles of cortisol and aldosterone can explain the clinical signs and clinico-pathological abnormalities. A good understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the physiological effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids helps in the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of canine hypoadrenocorticism.

Many cases can be diagnosed and managed in general practice; however, because of the vague and sometimes intermittent signs cases are easy to ‘miss’. Although treatment is required life-long, dogs can often be managed successfully and maintain a good quality of life. With diligent owners, the long-term prognosis is generally excellent. This article aims to address diagnosis and treatment by answering some of the most common questions that are posed by clinicians.