Neuro-Ophthalmology – The Approach to Horner’s Syndrome*

Neuro-Ophthalmology - The Approach to Horner’s Syndrome

Horner’s syndrome presents with several clinical signs (miosis, enophthalmos, upper eyelid ptosis and protrusion of the third eyelid) secondary to the loss of sympathetic innervation to the eye. Horner’s syndrome is classified as first, second or third order, according to where the lesion is located within the neurological pathway. This article reviews the neurological pathway, the clinical signs and causes, as well as, the different steps needed for the diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome.